Optimization of Power-to-Gas and Carbon Capture Coupling With a Tiered Carbon Trading Mechanism in Hydrogen-Blended Gas Integrated Energy Systems

In the context of an increasingly integrated global economy, environmental hazards associated with fossil fuel consumption have become a significant concern, making the energy transition an urgent issue. This paper proposes an Hydrogen-Blended Gas Integrated System (HBGIS) model that combines a tiered carbon trading mechanism with Power-to-Gas (P2G), Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies, along with hydrogen blending in natural gas networks. First, a low-carbon system integrating multiple forms of energy is developed. The system converts excess renewable energy into hydrogen via P2G technology, with hydrogen blending in natural gas networks improving energy efficiency. A tiered carbon trading mechanism dynamically regulates carbon emission costs, optimizing both emission reduction and economic benefits. By employing a comprehensive optimal scheduling model, the proposed system flexibly adapts to energy demand fluctuations, thereby achieving dual objectives: improved energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the scheduling model is validated by comparing its performance across six distinct scenarios. The results indicate that the proposed system significantly enhances renewable energy utilization, reduces carbon emissions by 10.71%, and decreases total operational costs by CNY 343,600((USD 47,393.10) compared to conventional models. Furthermore, the synergistic integration of multi-mode hydrogen utilization and the tiered carbon trading mechanism notably improves both economic efficiency and environmental performance.