Single-cell RNA sequencing: enhancing the predictive accuracy of tumor immunotherapy efficacy

The swift advancement of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has furnished a crucial instrument for investigating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its response to immunotherapy. As immunotherapy becomes increasingly prevalent, the challenge of accurately predicting its efficacy has emerged as a prominent focus in contemporary research. In recent years, the utilization of scRNA-seq in the context of immunotherapy has demonstrated promising potential, particularly in the realms of efficacy prediction and biomarker discovery. The heterogeneity of immune cells within the TME exerts intricate and multifaceted influences on treatment response, necessitating comprehensive investigation. Furthermore, the integration of biomaterials into tumor immunotherapy presents novel research opportunities in this domain. scRNA-seq technology offers a systematic approach to evaluating the modifications in the TME induced by biomaterials. This article aims to review the current state of scRNA-seq in the context of immunotherapy, identify existing challenges within related research, and propose future research directions.