ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS OF SOFT SPRING WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE AMUR REGION CONDITIONS

The aim of the study is to evaluate the adaptive response of spring soft wheat samples to the conditions of the Middle Amur Region. The studies were carried out in 2000–2024 on the experimental fields of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture (Russia, Khabarovsk). The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-brown podzolic-gley heavy loamy, the humus content is 3.6–3.8 %, the reaction of the environment is acidic (pHsol. ˂ 4.5). The object of the study is the Khabarovchanka, Zaryanka, Lira-98 wheat varieties, breeding lines 14/2-00, 118/1-99. The years of research were characterized by different meteorological conditions during the vegetation period of plants: drought (2001, 2003, 2008, 2022, 2023), moderate moisture (2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2024), waterlogging (2000, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019). Soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Amur Region influenced the formation of the yield of soft spring wheat samples by 81.7 %. The varieties Zaryanka, Lira-98 and the selection lines 14/2-00 and 118/1-99 realize their geometric productivity potential in the conditions of the region. The Khabarovchanka variety formed stable low seed productivity and in unfavorable conditions slightly reduced its yield due to endurance. Selection lines with the highest grain yield were identified – 14/2-00 (292 g/m2) and 118/1-99 (300 g/m2), which belong to high-intensity genotypes. Selection line 118/1-99 was distinguished by the highest realization of potential productivity, drought resistance, high ecological plasticity, stability and high adaptation to regional conditions. The minimum values of the sum of yield ranks (55) and ranks of adaptability parameters (29) in the selection line of soft spring wheat 118/1-99 indicate the greatest ability to exhibit adaptive reactions to cultivation conditions and high economic value of the genotype.