Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Muntingia calabura fruits extract and its anticancer, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity

The reported present work, eco-friendly green synthesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was carried out from silver ions using the aqueous extract of fresh Muntingia calabura fruits, and their biological and photocatalytic potentials was subsequently evaluated. The aqueous extract was initially analyzed to identify the presence/absence of primary phytochemicals. Silver ions were treated with the extract, and the successful synthesis of Ag NPs shows confirmed by the appearance of a surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 428 nm, as observed through UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The secondary oxidized flavonoids that serve as the capping and reducing agent of the built Ag NPs have been identified by preliminary phytochemical and FT-IR studies. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the Ag NPs were spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from approximately 5 to 30 nm.In-vitro tests of the synthesized Ag NPs shows the anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties revealed that they may be effective against traditional medicines. Using the MTT assay, the Ag NPs also showed cytotoxicity against the human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 cells. According to the MTT assay, the IC 50 values for Ag NPs were 189 ± 2.32μg/mL compare with the negative control untreated cells.Ag NPs was demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity, degrading the environmentally degraded Basic Fuchsin dye in 30 mins. This one-step, eco-friendly synthesis of Ag NPs ispresents a novel alternative to conventional chemical methods and holds potential applications in modern nanoscience and technology. • Ag NPs synthesized using Muntingia calabura fruit extract (phytochemicals flavonoids, carbohydrates), act as a reducing agent. • UV-Vis spectra showed the wavelength absorption peak at 428 nm confirming the synthesis of Ag NPs. • HRTEM analysis was identifying the surface morphology of synthesized Ag NPs, showing spherical shape particles with average sizes at 12 nm. • Ag NPs exhibited good antioxidant and antibacterial activity. • Ag NPs of M. calabura fruit extract displayed significant anticancer activity.