IMPROVEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF OIL REFINING FACILITIES

This article considers modern approaches to improving and optimizing oil refineries. The main focus is on analyzing existing technological processes, identifying bottlenecks in production schemes, increasing efficiency and introducing innovative solutions that reduce energy costs and environmental impact. The prospects for using digital technologies, automation and integration of process control systems are analyzed. Examples of upgrading key units, such as atmospheric-vacuum distillation, catalytic cracking and hydrotreating are given. The results of the study confirm that an integrated approach to optimization significantly increases the profitability and environmental safety of oil refineries. The article examines the features of processing unconventional types of oil. Based on the tabular data, it is shown that these oils have a low level of suitability for processing: the yield of useful products is 27% and 19%, respectively. In addition, high kinematic viscosity (613-3277 mm²/s) indicates that additional technological solutions are required for deep processing of these types of oil. The results of the study substantiate the need to develop new methods for the efficient development and processing of such oil. The study found that the oil of the Karazhanbas field contains high concentrations of metals. In addition, it was noted that as a result of shock processing, gaseous hydrocarbons are formed and the volume of light fractions increases. The efficiency of this method increases productivity in deep oil processing and improves its quality. Modernization of plants to ensure deep processing of heavy oil is a strategically important step. This will allow Kazakhstan to develop its petrochemical industry, increase export potential and meet environmental standards.