The Negative Effects of Climate Change on Land and Water Resources and Ways to Confront Them

Climate change is one of the most widely used terms to describe environmental problems and their effects, most notably the rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate through direct temperature measurements, measuring the various effects of global warming, and the change in rainfall due to human influence. As it is the main cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century, the Earth's surface temperature is expected to rise from 0.3 to 1.7 degrees Celsius in the moderate scenario, And between 2.6 and 4.8 degrees Celsius in the extreme scenario, which will depend on the policies of major industrial countries and the extent of their commitment to binding agreements to reduce carbon emissions. Climate change threatens to reduce crop yields and harm food security, and rising sea levels could lead to the submergence of coastal infrastructure, and may even force the abandonment of a number of coastal cities. The negative consequences of climate change are not limited to economic damage only, but rather extend beyond that to being a direct threat that may lead to the reshaping of life with the change of ecosystems, specifically Coral reef environments in the oceans, and organisms in mountainous and desert regions, as well as climate change threatens global food security. As glaciers melt, so do the world's freshwater supplies, including those available for food production. The study primarily aims to examine the negative impact of climate change on natural resources through: (1) Study the impact of climate change on the resource of fertile agricultural soil, (2) Study the impact of climate change on the resource of fresh water.