Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Behavior in Traffic Environment: A Systematic Review of Approaches and Software

Pedestrian behavior modeling and simulation are vital for enhancing traffic safety, urban planning, and transportation system optimization. Pedestrian modeling and simulation in traffic environments involves predicting and analyzing pedestrian movements and interactions with the nearby environment. This is essential for traffic safety, urban planning, infrastructure design, and crowd management applications.Traffic flow can be optimized by simulating pedestrian behavior to effectively enhance safety and design public spaces. Therefore, this systematic review critically examines various approaches and software tools used to model and simulate pedestrian dynamics in traffic environments. In addition, this review categorizes pedestrian behavior models into three main types: theoretical, data-driven, and hybrid models, which combine elements of both for a more comprehensive analysis. Further, the review explores the capabilities and limitations of current simulation software and platforms. From the findings of the research articles, it was found that there is a growing significance of agent-based models and the integration of real-time simulation techniques, Machine Learning, and big data analytics. Overall, this review also explores the perceptions of the present state of pedestrian behavior simulation, thereby offering guidance on model selection and software choice.