Exploring the Mechanism of the Impact of the US Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on China's Photovoltaic Industry: Based on the Analysis of Comparative Cases of China-Saudi Arabia and China-Brazil Photovoltaic Cooperation

In the current global climate governance system, the US has shifted from long-term commitment to climate cooperation to suddenly withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The US withdrawal from the climate cooperation mechanism will be bound to have a negative impact on the global new energy industry system. However, most scholars have not paid sufficient attention to this impact, and instead believe that the US withdrawal will only directly present significant opportunities for the future development of China’s new energy industry. Therefore, the impact of the US withdrawal from the agreement remains under-explained. Additionally, the author will propose a new theory through comparative case analysis: the “risk-opportunity” transformation mechanism. In this theory, China’s photovoltaic(PV) industry, which holds a crucial global energy strategic position, is selected as the affected entity to explain the impact mechanism of the US withdrawal from the agreement on China's energy industry. Research findings indicate that the US withdrawal from the agreement has clearly led to some significant global risks that have greatly impacted Global South Countries(GSCs). Through a comparative case study of China-Brazil and China-Saudi Arabia photovoltaic cooperation, the diplomatic measures China can adopt within the aforementioned impact mechanism can be explored, providing references for China's practices of continuously transforming risks into opportunities.