High-Performance X-Ray Detection and Optical Information Storage via Dual-Mode Luminescent Modulation in Na3KMg7(PO4)6:Eu

Lanthanide-doped inorganic luminescent materials have been extensively studied and applied in X-ray detection and imaging, anti-counterfeiting, and optical information storage. However, many reported rare-earth-based luminescent materials show only single-mode optical responses, which limits their applications in complex scenarios. Here, we report a novel Na₃KMg₇(PO₄)₆:Eu phosphor synthesized by a simple high-temperature solid-state method. The multi-color luminescence of Eu²⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions in a single matrix of Na₃KMg₇(PO₄)₆:Eu, known as radio-photoluminescence, is achieved through X-ray-induced ion reduction. It demonstrated a good linear response (R² = 0.9897) and stable signal storage (storage days > 50 days) over a wide range of X-ray doses (maximum dose > 200 Gy). In addition, after X-ray irradiation, this material exhibits photochromic properties ranging from white to brown in a bright field and shows remarkable bleaching and recovery capabilities under 254 nm ultraviolet light or thermal stimulation. This dual-modal luminescent phosphor Na₃KMg₇(PO₄)₆:Eu, which combines photochromism and radio-photoluminescence, presents a dual-mode X-ray detection and imaging strategy and offers a comprehensive and novel solution for applications in anti-counterfeiting and optical information encryption.