Innovative materials and design concepts for enhanced pollutant filtration in low-impact development

This review paper explores innovative materials and design concepts for enhancing pollutant filtration in Low-Impact Development (LID) systems, focusing on the theoretical advancements in material science and design that can improve the efficiency and sustainability of urban stormwater management. The paper examines new material concepts for porous pavements and bio-retention systems, analyzing their potential to increase pollutant removal, durability, and adaptability. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of implementing these advanced materials and designs, including cost, scalability, and long-term performance concerns. Future research directions are proposed to expand the scope of theoretical advancements in LID, emphasizing the need for field studies, integrating smart technologies, and developing hybrid systems. The findings highlight the potential of these innovations to push the boundaries of current LID practices, paving the way for more resilient and sustainable urban infrastructure. Keywords: Low-Impact Development (LID), Pollutant Filtration, Porous Pavements, Bio-Retention Systems, Innovative Materials, Sustainable Urban Infrastructure.