Accuracy of photorespiration and mitochondrial respiration in the light fitted by CO2 response model for photosynthesis

These findings expose critical limitations in current respiratory parameter quantification methods and challenge linear assumptions of CO₂-respiration relationships. They establish a critical framework for refining photosynthetic models by incorporating CO₂-responsive respiratory mechanisms. The identified non-linear regulatory patterns and model limitations provide actionable insights for advancing carbon metabolism theory and optimizing crop carbon assimilation strategies under rising atmospheric CO₂, with implications for climate-resilient agricultural practices.