Buccal drug delivery systems: A gateway to non-invasive therapeutic

Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have emerged as an innovative approach in pharmaceutical science that leverages the ability of polymers to adhere to mucosal surfaces. These systems offer targeted drug delivery to specific areas of the body, making them suitable for systemic and local applications. The efficacy of mucoadhesive drug delivery is influenced by factors such as the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological characteristics of the target site. The oral cavity, particularly the buccal and sublingual regions, serves as an ideal target for mucoadhesive drug delivery because of its high blood supply, which facilitates rapid drug absorption and bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism. Polymers with hydrophilic groups enhance bio-adhesion, making them crucial components in mucoadhesive formulations. However, the amount of drug that can be administered via the buccal route is limited to 25 mg. Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems offer several advantages, including a rapid onset of action, improved patient compliance, reduced enzymatic degradation, and enhanced bioavailability. These systems are suitable for drugs that are unstable in the alkaline environment of intestine, and can be administered to unconscious patients. However, there are also limitations, such as the need to avoid eating and drinking during administration. Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems represent a promising approach for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes.