MRPL12 K163 acetylation inhibits ccRCC via driving mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological tumor, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the most prevalent subtype. Metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in ccRCC progression, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention, though effective treatments remain unavailable. Our previous studies have shown that mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) contributes to various metabolic diseases, including diabetic kidney disease and HCC, by regulating mitochondrial biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrated that MRPL12 is acetylated at lysine 163 (K163) in ccRCC cells, a key modification that influences its regulatory effect on mitochondrial metabolism. Mechanistically, we clarified that acetylation at the K163 site enhances mitochondrial biosynthesis by promoting MRPL12's binding to POLRMT, which subsequently increases mitochondrial metabolism and suppresses cellular glycolysis. Additionally, we found that MRPL12 K163 acetylation levels were significantly downregulated in ccRCC and that restoring this acetylation inhibited ccRCC progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the acetyltransferase TIP60 and the deacetylase SIRT5 bind to MRPL12 and regulate its acetylation. These findings highlight K163 acetylation as a critical site for MRPL12-mediated regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and reveal that this modification inhibits renal cancer development by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis, reducing glycolysis, and driving metabolic reprogramming. This study suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting MRPL12 acetylation in ccRCC.