Amygdala volume changes as a potential marker of multiple sclerosis progression: links to EDSS scores and PIRA

Over three years of follow-up in RRMS patients, EDSS progression was positively associated with increases in amygdala-and, to a lesser extent, pallidum-volumes, while worsening disability correlated with thalamic atrophy. Notably, amygdala enlargement was exclusive to patients with PIRA versus relapse-associated worsening, highlighting its potential as a volumetric biomarker of disease progression. However it was exploratory, hypothesis-generating observation and further studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.