Epidemiological study of thyroid cancer at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021: an analysis derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Over the past three decades, the age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer has increased, while the age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate have decreased. Significant variations in prevalence, morbidity, and mortality exist across regions and countries. SDI plays a crucial role in the development of thyroid cancer, which is expected to remain a major public health challenge in the future.