Exploration of a piscicide delivery method for invasive Black Carp

Abstract A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus , an invasive fish species in North America, which possesses pharyngeal teeth adapted for crushing mollusk prey. Many North American mollusks exist in small, fragmented populations susceptible to local extirpation. A Black Carp‐selective toxic bait deployed properly could be used to protect those populations. Results represent initial efforts to construct an effective single‐dose species‐selective toxic bait. We prepared a bait by attaching a glass vial containing toxicant (antimycin A) to the exterior of a Corbicula fluminea clam valve. We designed the vial to break from the force of the fish's pharyngeal teeth when attempting to crush and consume the clam. We tested suitable vial sizes for encapsulating piscicide and two attachment materials, an aquarium epoxy and ultraviolet light‐cured attachment material. The aquarium epoxy was rigid and reinforced vials. The ultraviolet light‐cured attachment material was softer, resulting in more vials broken at 3‐ and 24‐h post feeding. In a second trial, toxic baits consisting of antimycin A piscicide were administered in pure ethanol and acetone carriers to Black Carp in assembled baits with vials attached to live clam valves at three concentrations (40.0 mg/mL in ethanol, 170.8 mg/mL and 341.5 mg/mL in acetone). We selected aquarium epoxy for assembled baits based on the bond between the epoxy and glass vial, which allowed a greater surface area to be exposed and broken. While Black Carp successfully broke vials containing piscicide, no treatment caused carp mortality. The delivery method was unsuccessful as a single dose antimycin A piscicide bait for Black Carp. Additional considerations for this approach are provided.