The intelligent path toward the long-term solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): From materials discovery to industrialization and health management

This review first briefly discusses the structure and performance of the perovskite type electrode materials, large-scale manufacturing process and intelligent health management system of SOFC for finishing long-term operation or estimating SOFC state. • This review systematically summarizes the research progress of perovskite materials in solid oxide fuel cells. • Several design strategies for electrode, electrolyte materials and intelligent health management system are discussed. • This work critically examines existing limitations and offers strategic approaches to mitigate these challenges. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are regarded as one of the most promising new energy technologies due to their clean operation, high efficiency, and exceptional fuel flexibility. To meet the requirements for long-term stable operation of SOFCs, reducing their operating temperature has become a focal research priority. However, the advancement of intermediate-to-low temperature SOFCs has been constrained by the limited catalytic activity of conventional cathode materials. Therefore, reducing the operating temperature of SOFCs while maintaining their operational efficiency is the current focus of scholars’ research on the next generation of SOFCs. Several design strategies for electrode and electrolyte materials and intelligent health management system have been discussed in detailed. Moreover, we provide insights into future development pathways for perovskite materials, emphasizing their superior energy conversion and storage performance. The work also critically examines existing limitations and offers strategic approaches to mitigate these challenges.