Bayesian optimized CNN ensemble for efficient potato blight detection using fuzzy image enhancement

Potato blight is a serious disease that affects potato crops and leads to substantial agricultural and economic losses. To enhance detection accuracy, we propose Bayesian Optimized CNN Weighted Ensemble Potato Blight Detection, a deep learning-based approach that optimizes CNN models through Bayesian optimization and ensemble learning. In the proposed study, extensive experiments were conducted to develop an optimized Bayesian Weighted Ensemble CNN model for the detection of potato leaf blight. First, multiple CNN architectures were trained using different optimizers: ADAM (DL1), SGD (DL2), RMSProp (DL3), and ADAMAX (DL4), evaluating their individual performance. To mitigate class imbalance, data augmentation techniques were applied, increasing the number of healthy leaves by 6 times. In addition, fuzzy image enhancement was implemented to improve feature extraction and classification accuracy. Bayesian optimization was then used to determine the optimal weights for a deep ensemble model, exploring 11 possible model combinations. The final EDL7 ensemble model (DL1 + DL2 + DL3), optimized through Bayesian optimization, achieved the highest accuracy of 97.94%, outperforming individual models. Furthermore, the ensemble model achieved a precision of 0.981, recall of 0.983, and an F1 score of 0.982, ensuring a well-balanced trade-off between precision and recall. These results highlight the effectiveness of Bayesian-optimized ensemble learning in improving potato blight detection, making it a robust and reliable solution for agricultural disease classification.