Advances and Application of PVDF-Based Composite Membranes in Flexible Sensors

With the development of the flexible electronics technology, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its composite films have emerged as critical materials for flexible sensors, owing to their exceptional piezoelectric properties, mechanical flexibility, and chemical stability. This paper reviews the latest advancements in PVDF-based composite films with a focus on optimizing their piezoelectric characteristics. It examines the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles, including BaTiO3, ZnO, and Mxene, as well as organic fillers, to enhance the piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling coefficient. These improvements facilitate high sensitivity and stability in applications such as pressure, vibration, and biomedical sensors. The paper also examines the influence of various fabrication techniques, including printing and magnetron sputtering, as well as electrode deposition methods, on performance metrics. Although PVDF-based composite films exhibit the outstanding performance, their scalability is constrained by cost and manufacturing complexity. Future research should prioritize cost reduction and enhance integration to satisfy the requirements of smart sensors and wearable devices, thereby promoting broader application in multimodal sensing and efficient energy conversion.