Antioxidant Bioactivity of Caulerpa spp.: Potential, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

The genus Caulerpa is gaining attention for its significant antioxidant bioactivity, driven by the diverse array of bioactive compounds it produces, such as polyphenols and caulerpine. This review examines the integration of emerging technologies and genetic studies with interdisciplinary approaches in marine biology, pharmacology, and food science to enhance the discovery and utilization of antioxidants from Caulerpa spp. In vitro and in silico analyses of C. racemosa have revealed potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities, emphasizing the importance of its bioactive components. Genetic insights into sulfotransferases offer opportunities for producing complex sulfated polysaccharides with pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, controlled light exposure can elevate the antioxidant levels of C. lentillifera, making it comparable to nutrient-rich fruits. The review also highlights the potential of advanced molecular techniques, such as DNA barcoding, for accurately identifying species and their bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the local utilization of C. lentillifera in Indonesia showcases its role as a nutraceutical resource. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for further research to fully exploit the antioxidant capabilities of Caulerpa, contributing to human health and environmental sustainability.