PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: immunohistochemical characterization and correlation with clinicopathological features
MIBCs were practically subclassified into LumU, LumP, basal, and other subtypes using three IHC markers. PD-1 expression was higher in the luminal subtype, while PD-L1 was predominantly elevated in the basal subtype. These findings highlight the potential of IHC-based subtyping to guide prognosis and treatment in MIBCs.
Authors
- Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad‐Shirazi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-089X)
- Farhang Hooshmand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8399-5143)
- Ali Reza Rezvani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-9906)
- Maral Mokhtari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-2631)
- Shiva Aminnia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-3532)
- Azin Dashtestani
Institutions
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Jahrom University (IR)
- Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diagnostic Pathology
- Published
- 2025-08-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-025-01708-0
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.01