ABO, RhD Blood Groups, and COVID-19 Infection Propensity in Basrah

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel variant of the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. In early 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared it a global pandemic. Objective: To investigate the relationship between ABO and RhD blood groups and COVID-19 infection among the population of Basrah. Methodology: A total of 318 individuals from diverse backgrounds were surveyed to assess the general impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including disparities in infection rates by age and gender, and to explore any potential correlation between ABO and RhD blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Results: The data showed a higher infection rate among males compared to females. The age group most affected was 31–35 years. While no statistically significant association was found between blood group and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, certain trends were observed-individuals with A+, O+, and AB+ blood groups exhibited relatively higher infection rates. The study also acknowledged gender-based differences in disease severity, with more males requiring hospitalization. Additionally, patients with O+ and AB+ blood groups were more likely to require oxygen support during their illness. Conclusion: The study provides important insights into how COVID-19 infection and severity may vary based on gender and blood group. These findings could influence public health strategies and support the development of targeted immunization or intervention programs tailored to specific blood groups.