Non-Invasive Early Detection of Brain Aneurysm Symptoms by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Brain Aneurysms are a critical cerebrovascular condition where there is bulging of the arterial blood vessels, with the rupture adding to the mortality rates up to 50%. Early detection remains challenging as traditional diagnostic methods, such as MRI and CT Angiography, are invasive, expensive, and often inaccessible for the earliest screening. This study presents a novel approach using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Optical sensor technology for the non–invasive, earliest detection of Brain Aneurysms identified via analysis of arterial pulse waveforms. The proposed system utilizes an FBG sensor fabricated using the phase mask technique and is mechanically placed in the temple region to detect subtle changes in pulse wave characteristics, which could potentially indicate a Brain aneurysm. The FBG sensor-based approach offers numerous advantages over conventional methods, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, high bandwidth and strain sensitivity, light weight, compactness, low security risk, and the capability for continuous real-time monitoring. Initial results provide the system’s ability to detect minute pulse wave variations, which may indicate the unruptured aneurysms, potentially enabling earlier detection through a non-invasive and optical fiber technology-based approach.