Screening and Impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition influenced by lifestyle factors such as obesity and diet. While proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used, concerns about long-term use have increased interest in non-pharmacological interventions. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of GERD and the effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies, including lifestyle changes and natural remedies, among adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2025 using an online survey. Adults aged 18 years and older were screened with the GERD-Q questionnaire. Data on demographics, lifestyle practices, and symptom management approaches were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations. Results: Of 567 respondents, 171 met inclusion criteria (GERD-Q ≥ 8). Most were females (60.8%), aged 30–50 years, and over 70% were overweight or obese. Common interventions included avoiding lying down after meals (73.2%) and elevating the bed head (64.3%). Fewer than 18% used natural remedies such as honey, melatonin, and pomegranate, with limited perceived benefit. No significant differences in symptom severity were found between users and non-users of individual interventions. While Participants using combined treatment (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) reported higher symptom scores (p = 0.0003), likely reflecting more severe GERD. Correlations between symptom scores and age, BMI, and lifestyle factors were weak. Conclusion: Given the limited effectiveness observed for individual non-pharmacological interventions in the Eastern Province, personalized treatment approaches and further research are critically needed to optimize GERD management in this population.