Chemical and nutritional profile of Tunisian Corchorus olitorius leaves: a valuable, under-exploited leafy vegetable

This study details the chemical and nutritional profile of Tunisian Corchorus olitorius leaves. Proximate analysis revealed high levels of dietary fiber (46.4 ± 3.7 g/100 g DM), starch (13.6 ± 1.2 g/100 g DM), and protein (15.4 ± 0.4 g/100 g DM). The protein fraction is rich in essential amino acids, exceeding WHO/FAO/UNU (2007) recommendations for adults, indicating its potential as a plant-based protein source. Despite a low lipid content (3.5 ± 0.4 g/100 g DM), the fatty acid profile is nutritionally balanced, dominated by palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. C. olitorius also contains a significant ash content (9.3 ± 0.1 g/100 g DM), with high iron (44.9 ± 2.4 mg/100 g DM) and potassium (2348.0 ± 178.5 mg/100 g DM) levels which may contribute to the prevention of deficiencies. The polysaccharides’ fraction includes starch, cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose, suggesting potential for use as natural thickeners or stabilizers in food formulations. LC-MS characterization of secondary metabolites revealed phenolic compounds and flavonoids such as chlorogenic acid, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, supporting antioxidant potential. These findings highlight C. olitorius as a valuable leafy vegetable for the production of high-value nutritional and functional ingredients. • Polysaccharides, proteins, minerals and phytochemicals are present in C. olitorius. • Significant starch, cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose content. • Essential amino acids exceeding WHO/FAO/UNU (2007) adult requirements. • Low lipid fraction, dominated by essential fatty acids. • C. olitorius is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids.