Exploring Student Perspectives on Universal Basic Income: Prioritising Compassion or Conditionality

Abstract This exploratory qualitative study examined UK university students’ views on Universal Basic Income (UBI). UBI typically garners more support from economically disadvantaged, left-leaning, and younger populations. Students were targeted as both future policymakers and financially vulnerable individuals, with 91 % concerned about rising living costs. Results revealed complex opinions reflecting tensions between compassion and perceived need for accountability. While 59 percent supported UBI, most believed able-bodied recipients would avoid work, revealing internalised meritocratic assumptions. Consequently, students favoured targeted Basic Income (BI) over universal provision, prioritising homeless individuals followed by youth and unemployed, while pensioners were viewed as less deserving. Analysis revealed competing value frameworks: some emphasised collective wellbeing while others prioritised individual responsibility. “Compassionate conditionality” emerged as a potential compromise balancing care with accountability. The convenience sampling limits generalisability. Further research should explore these tensions with larger, more diverse samples.