The Influenza Vaccine: Renewal Necessity and Pursuit of Lasting Immunity

Influenza remains a significant global health concern, prompting continual efforts to enhance vaccine efficacy and broaden protection against diverse strains. Traditional influenza vaccines primarily target strain-specific surface antigens, necessitating annual updates to match strains. Recently, use of adjuvants such as MF59 and AS03 have shown promise in augmenting immune responses, potentially reducing the need for frequent vaccine reformulation. This review explores the recent approaches in influenza vaccine development, focusing on the pursuit of a universal vaccine. Additionally, this review discusses the role of adjuvants in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity.