Evaluating the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on MV/LV Distribution Network Using Distribution-Level Phasor Measurement Unit Data

Wide adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) presents major challenges and opportunities for Distribution System Operators (DSO) mainly in medium-voltage (MV) and lowvoltage (LV) network where EV loads with high power may induce overloading, phase unbalance, voltage deviations and power quality (PQ) problems. This paper assesses the impact of single-phase EV charging on a real-world MV/LV network by incorporating high-resolution (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1-\text{min}$</tex>) distribution-level phasor measurement unit (DPMU) data at MV substation along with electrical distribution circuit and load schedule. A detailed simulation model with unbalanced dynamic load profiles of LV feeders down to the individual house loads. Furthermore, PQ measurements collected from a field-installed PQ meter at a residential house, with a real onboard charger (OBC) and single-phase EV supply equipment (EVSE), validate the simulated voltage profiles, load profile and harmonic behavior. A boost power factor correction (PFC) converter-based model, along with control algorithm, is implemented to construct EV charging profiles. The impact of PFC is analyzed under coordinated EV charging with grid-connected PV, highlighting its role in mitigating EV hosting capacity issues and active/reactive power imbalance.