Design of Pentagram Shaped Fractal Antenna for Wideband Applications

Fractal antennas are smart antennas that are used in communication technology to achieve the desired characteristics, such as a compressed size and multiband behaviour for wideband applications. As single-element antennas cannot accommodate different wireless standards, different array configurations with fractal geometries are required to achieve both multiband and compactness. The design of the proposed antenna was modified from the zeroth to the second iteration. In the second iteration, the partial ground plane was introduced, as was the ground plane's length, in order to obtain wideband properties. Further, to boost the bandwidth, the unfinished ground plane has been modified. The bandwidth for a specific frequency range can be increased by using more extensions (horizontal and vertical) in the partial ground plane. Using CST software, the antenna is modelled, and an omnidirectional radiation pattern is produced. The designed antenna arrays cover a diverse array of wireless communication systems such as Wireless-Max, microwave communication Wireless LAN, Kband applications, and X-band for satellite communication, and they resonate at specific frequencies.