Vertical Well Re-Entry Solutions for Safe and Efficient Re-Abandonment of Legacy Wells

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527 AD), as cited by Franklin (2011), stated: "There is nothing more difficult and dangerous, or more doubtful of success, than an attempt to introduce a new order of things." If the introduction of the new is so difficult and change is so dangerous, why not just maintain the status quo? Handy and Handy (1999) argue that organisations must embrace change to avoid failure - and on a civilisation level the consequences of not doing so can be dire. The decline of past civilisations such as the Anasazi, Maya, and the people of Easter Island is shrouded in mystery, however, many scholars believe their inability to adapt to change played a role. For example, the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation (Elshaikh, 2025) which is thought to be caused by climate change, specifically the drying of the Saraswati River around 1900 BCE, where the local population died out or moved on as a result of not adapting in time to their changing environment.