A Slice Puncturing Scheme of Energy Storage Batteries for Grid Frequency Regulation

Frequency deviations caused by renewable energy fluctuation and sudden load change pose significant threats to grid frequency stability. Energy storage batteries (ESBs), with their rapid ramp-up times and flexible control capabilities, have become ideal resources for grid frequency regulation. On one hand, wireless transmission technologies such as fifth-generation (5G) have been widely employed to transmit frequency regulation signals. On the other hand, wireless transmission faces the challenge of limited spectrum resources, which is related to grid frequency regulation performance. Hence, in spectrum-limited scenarios, how to allocate spectrum resources reasonably between ESBs and other grid users requires an in-depth investigation. In particular, exclusively reserving frequency resource for ESBs can achieve good frequency regulation performance (communication delay is low), but it significantly reduces spectrum efficiency since the frequency regulation signal is bursty traffic and exclusive reservation will need to resource waste. Conversely, allocating spectrum resources to ESBs only when needed can ensure higher spectrum efficiency, but lead to poor frequency regulation performance (communication delay is high with the best effort service). To address the above issue, we introduce a 5G slice puncturing technology, allowing ESBs to dynamically share spectrum resources with other grid users in spectrum-limited scenarios. In addition, we further design the puncturing scheme to ensure fair sharing among multiple ESBs during frequency regulation. Finally, our proposed scheme is validated in a frequency response model and the results indicate that the puncturing scheme improves by 22.8% in maximum frequency deviation (MFD).