A Joint Localization Method Using Multi-Physical Signals for Partial Discharges in Transformer Oil

Partial discharge (PD) in transformer oil indicates insulation deterioration, requiring accurate detection for power system security. To overcome limitations of single-signal methods, this work proposes a transformer PD monitoring approach using electrical-acoustic signal fusion. Finite element simulations reveal PD-generated <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{s}$</tex>-level electrical pulses and dielectric-modulated acoustic waves with spherical attenuation. Discharge sources are localized in 3D via TDOA algorithm with multi-sensor collaboration, achieving precision within transformer structural limits. Simulations confirm the fused-signal method enhances anti-interference capability and localization reliability, offering an effective solution for intelligent power equipment monitoring with theoretical and practical value.