Fast Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Battery Testing

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique for characterizing battery dynamics. However, conventional sinusoidal frequency sweep methods are time-consuming. As an alternative, pulse-based EIS enables faster impedance estimation by simultaneously exciting a broad frequency range within a single experiment. The selection of pulse parameters, such as the sampling frequency, duty cycle and total duration, is critical to ensuring accurate impedance estimation while minimizing the experimental time and errors. This paper presents a systematic approach for selecting the parameters of a rectangular pulse excitation signal based on theoretical analysis. Simulation studies were conducted using parameters chosen according to the proposed selection criteria, and the resulting impedance response exhibited strong agreement with the theoretical results. Furthermore, noise analysis was performed, and strategies to mitigate its effects are presented. The proposed approach reduces characterization time to 2 minutes, compared to over an hour required by traditional EIS methods.