Enhancing Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Driving System Through Targeted DC Bus Voltage and Current Regulation

The need for mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions has shifted the transition to renewable and sustainable transportation systems. Integrating fuel cells into electric vehicles offers a green and more sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engines. Fuel cells provide a steady power supply, However, their slow dynamic response necessitates the incorporation of ultra-capacitors as auxiliary energy sources. This project focuses on designing a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) system in MATLAB/Simulink to regulate the DC bus voltage and accurately track reference current during sudden load changes associated with vehicle dynamics. Due to the nonlinear dynamic response of the system, Feedback linearization (FBL) based Backstepping technique is utilized to simplify the nonlinear system and design the control law, while Sliding Mode control (SMC) robustly adjusted the system uncertainties. The stability is ensured using a Lyapunov function. The simulation results demonstrate negligible tracking error and a fast response to sudden load variations.