Integrating STEAM Education and the BCG Model to Promote Innovation in Renewable Energy Among Secondary School Learners

This study aims to investigate the integration of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education with the Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) economic model to promote innovation in renewable energy among secondary school students. The research focuses on a learning activity titled “Cultivating Young Innovators in Basic Solar Cell Technology,” specifically designed for upper secondary education. The activity spans three hours and follows a five-step learning process, emphasizing experiential learning, hands-on practice, and critical thinking skills. The study evaluates the effectiveness of this integrated learning approach in enhancing students’ understanding of renewable energy concepts and their ability to apply knowledge in real-world contexts. Research instruments include a learning management plan, knowledge assessment tests, performancebased evaluations, and satisfaction questionnaires. Data were collected from 452 participants across nine affiliated schools. The results revealed that $80 \%$ of the participants achieved the targeted learning outcomes, demonstrating significant improvements in knowledge, practical skills, and attitudes toward renewable energy. These findings indicate that integrating STEAM education with the BCG economic model is an effective strategy for developing students’ competencies in applying renewable energy knowledge to daily life, while also preparing them to meet future challenges in sustainable development and environmental responsibility.