Principles for materials development, language education, and competences for democratic culture

This paper discusses and proposes processes and principles of language education and materials development that may assist teachers and teacher educators in designing, producing, and using instructional resources to promote competences for democratic culture (CDC) for young learners. The proposed principles are based on contemporary literature on language education, materials development, and Council of Europe’s recommendations on implementing CDC (Council of Europe, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c) as well as a reflective approach for teachers in CDC education (Lenz et al., 2021).