A pediatric case of anti-GABABR encephalitis: case report and literature review

This study suggests that the clinical phenotypes of anti-GABABR encephalitis in children and adults may differ: children are more likely to present with mental and behavioral abnormalities (the initial symptom trend), sleep disorders and involuntary movements (the main symptoms), and their brain imaging is more likely to involve regions such as the basal ganglia and brainstem, and they respond better to immunotherapy. Notably, due to the small sample size of pediatric cases (<i>n</i> = 15) compared to adult cases (<i>n</i> = 193), these comparative findings should be interpreted with caution despite the statistical significance indicated by <i>P</i>-values. However, long-term follow-up remains essential.