A hierarchical control energy harvesting device based on centrifugal triboelectric nanogenerators for mine ventilation monitoring and alarm

As mine excavation deepens, ventilation systems often face the challenge of insufficient airflow, while the complex environment poses significant obstacles to powering monitoring and alarm sensors. Here, an integrated and efficient self-powered mine wind speed monitoring and alarm system (SLW-MAS) is proposed based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The SLW-MAS, featuring a centrifugal structure design, facilitates hierarchical control of the TENG module, thereby enabling differential responses to wind speeds. When the wind speed is lower than 1.5 m/s, the TENG module is maintained in a horizontal working state under the action of the centrifugal mechanism and produces a high voltage output; the switch circuit is selected through experiments, which makes it meet the alarm delay of 2 s and avoids the problem of inaccurate alarm caused by unstable airflow. This work provides the feasibility for the construction of an underground distributed Internet of Things monitoring and alarm system.