Series Hybrid Energy Storage System for Regenerative Braking Based on Energy Constraint Control During Deceleration

In order to reduce the dependence of the vehicle acceleration sensor in the regenerative braking control for an electrical vehicle and explore the direct response of energy recovery and regenerative braking deceleration, this paper explores a dynamic control method in the electric motor based on energy constraint control (ECC) which relates to the conservation of energy during the breaking process. The research focuses on the regenerative braking system (RBS) of the series hybrid energy storage system (SHESS) with battery and ultracapacitor (UC), which targets deceleration. For the sake of eliciting the energy constraint equation, the detailed energy flow path is analyzed in the regenerative braking process. Considering the impact of error and sample time, the algorithm of ECC is designed with a quadratic Lagrange interpolation. In addition, the ECC algorithm is verified by software-in-the-loop (SIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). Moreover, it is determined that the proposed control method works effectivity without an acceleration sensor and RBS with ECC can achieve a 21.69% braking recovery.