Potentiality of Silkworm Litter in Circular Economy

Silkworm litter, a by-product of sericulture comprising larval excreta, uneaten mulberry leaves, and rearing bed residues, represents a nutrient-rich organic resource with significant potential in the framework of a circular economy. Its diverse applications include use as organic manure, vermicompost substrate, animal and fish feed, raw material for biogas production and a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Leveraging these applications not only promotes waste valorisation but also enhances resource efficiency, reduces environmental pollution, and supports sustainable agricultural practices. Despite its high agronomic and economic value, comprehensive studies integrating silkworm litter utilization within a structured circular economy model remain limited. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the chemical composition, agronomic benefits, industrial uses, and environmental implications of silkworm litter, while identifying research gaps and opportunities for developing integrated, closed-loop systems in sericulture. The potential adoption of such models could contribute to rural livelihoods, sustainable resource management, and alignment with global sustainability goals.