Utilization and Spatial Characteristics of Multifunctional Spaces in Libraries Within Composite Buildings: A Case Study of Helsinki Public Libraries

ABSTRACT Official institutional surveys indicate that an increasing number of library users in Finland believe libraries play a significant role in various aspects of daily life. As libraries diversify their functions, co‐location with other public institutions has emerged as a global trend, also evident in Finland. This study posits that spatial design and multifunctional utilization of composite buildings have contributed to increased library visitor numbers. Analysis reveals that some Helsinki libraries have expanded their functions by leveraging lobbies and shared audiovisual equipment within composite buildings. These lobbies are characterized by external visibility, spatial layering that enhances user experience, and diverse access to institutions. In libraries, multifunctional spaces are designed to reflect the functions of composite buildings while considering users' psychological traits: Public libraries co‐located with schools create spaces that stimulate children's curiosity, while those in cultural centers create spaces that promote a sense of belonging. The findings suggest that these spatial design elements attract more visitors and cultivate environments conducive to community engagement. Lastly, this study recommends further research into challenges faced by composite libraries to enhance understanding of key considerations in their planning and design. The findings may serve as a valuable reference for spatial strategies in composite libraries worldwide.