Harnessing dual-channel probiotics to synergistically correct intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis after antibiotic disruption

Antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases, yet antibiotic therapy has been shown to disrupt symbiotic microbiota. Notably, the dosage and duration of antibiotic use for specific infections may exert detrimental effects on microbiota in non-infected sites. Here, we propose a dual-channel probiotic delivery strategy to address gut and vaginal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic therapies. In a Helicobacter pylori infection model, oral administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri NCU-15 alleviated gastritis and protected the intestinal barrier and microbiota. In a vaginal dysbiosis model, intravaginal delivery of Lactobacillus crispatus NCU-23 reduced local inflammation and apoptosis, restoring vaginal microbial homeostasis. In the entero-vaginal disordered mice, dual-channel probiotic therapy produced synergistic effects by reducing inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and reestablishing microbial balance. These findings demonstrate the potential of dual-channel probiotic intervention to modulate gut-vaginal microbiota interactions and offer a scientific basis for developing strategies to prevent or treat antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.