Alternative protein sources and healthy skeletal muscle aging: A narrative review

Age-related anabolic resistance may render conventional dietary protein recommendations insufficient for the elderly population. Increased intake of high-quality protein is required to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis, maintain muscle health, and prevent sarcopenia. Concurrently, global population growth, accelerated aging, and rising consumption of animal-based proteins (ABP) necessitate the urgent development of sustainable protein alternatives. This review examines various alternative protein sources (APS), including plant-based proteins (PBP), insect-based proteins (IBP), mycoprotein, and cultured meat, to support muscle health during aging. Furthermore, this research aligns with China's dual carbon goals (carbon peak and neutrality), promoting sustainable and low-carbon development. Consequently, identifying sustainable APS is crucial. This review aims to establish a theoretical basis for the application of APS in the elderly population and to inform future empirical investigations. • Plant, insect, fungi, and cultured meat are potential sustainable protein sources. • Aforementioned alternative proteins supporting healthy muscle aging. • Growing global alternative protein market faces safety, allergenicity, acceptance challenges.