A music-based protocol for memory stimulation in elderly people

Cognitive stimulation has been widely recognized in recent years for its ability to enhance overall cognitive functioning in older adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Among various non-pharmacological approaches, music-based interventions have demonstrated significant effects on both general and specific cognitive functions, engaging brain areas associated with memory, motivation, emotion, cognition, and motor function. This article reports a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of a novel cognitive-stimulation protocol using digital tools and musical instruments that was developed by an experienced music therapist. The primary objective of the protocol was memory enhancement, alongside broader cognitive activation including perception, focused attention, auditory-motor synchronization, and executive function. Designed for implementation in an Italian daycare center for older adults, the protocol comprises musical activities of varying types and progressive levels of complexity, tailored to each participant’s cognitive abilities. These activities require either verbal responses or the use of musical instruments. The effects of the intervention on memory, general cognitive function, and quality of life were assessed through neuropsychological evaluations. Preliminary findings and future research directions are discussed.