Assessment of Sulphur Nutrition for Productivity, Quality and Profitability of Rapeseed-mustard: A Review

Rapeseed-mustard (Brassica spp.) constitutes one of the most important groups of oilseed crops cultivated in India and across many parts of the world. These crops are recognized not only for their substantial contribution to edible oil production but also for their role in enhancing soil health and providing nutritional fodder. However, achieving the full genetic potential of rapeseed-mustard remains a challenge due to various constraints, among which nutrient management – particularly sulphur (S) nutrition – plays a pivotal role. Sulphur, an essential secondary macronutrient, is increasingly being recognized as a limiting factor in oilseed crop production due to its crucial role in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic functions in plants. Sulphur is integral to the synthesis of amino acids (cysteine, cystine and methionine), vitamins (biotin and thiamine), co-enzymes, and glucosinolates, and is vital in chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis. Integration of S with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients has shown synergistic effects, indicating that S application should be a component of an integrated nutrient management strategy for sustainable productivity. Apart from agronomic benefits, sulphur nutrition also influences the economic returns of mustard cultivation. This review synthesizes research findings related to the impact of sulphur nutrition on the productivity, quality parameters, and profitability of rapeseed-mustard. In conclusion, sulphur nutrition plays a multifaceted role in enhancing the productivity, quality, and profitability of rapeseed-mustard cultivation. Its significance is amplified in the context of sustainable agriculture, nutrient use efficiency, and climate-resilient farming. The integration of sulphur in nutrient management practices is not only agronomically beneficial but also economically viable, especially in sulphur-deficient regions. Future research should focus on precision S-nutrition, sulphur use efficiency, and the interaction of S with other nutrients under varying agro-ecological scenarios to further optimize rapeseed-mustard production systems. This review also highlights the growing concern of sulphur deficiency in Indian soils, primarily attributed to declining organic matter, reduced use of S-containing fertilizers, and intensive cropping systems.