Ameliorative Effects of Moringa oleifera Supplementation on Metabolic, Oxidative, and Reproductive Alterations Induced by Feed Restriction in Female Rats

Nutritional stress such as feed restriction can negatively affect metabolic balance, oxidative status, and reproductive function, particularly in females. Moringa oleifera is a natural supplement rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds that may help counteract such disruptions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of Moringa oleifera supplementation on metabolic, oxidative, and reproductive parameters in adult female rats subjected to normal or restricted dietary intake. Twenty-four adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): a control group (standard diet), a standard diet + Moringa (500 mg/kg BW), a 30% feed restriction, and 30% feed restriction + Moringa. The experimental period lasted four weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. At the end of the study, blood samples were analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA]). Vaginal smears were used to assess estrous cycle phases and corresponding levels of reproductive hormones (estradiol and progesterone). Feed restriction significantly decreased body weight, TAC, estradiol, progesterone, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and significantly increased MDA levels compared to the control group. In contrast, Moringa oleifera supplementation, either alone or combined with feed restriction, significantly improved body weight, normalized glucose and lipid profiles, enhanced TAC, reduced MDA, and restored estradiol and progesterone levels. Moringa oleifera supplementation effectively counteracted the physiological disturbances induced by feed restriction in female rats. These findings suggest its potential as a supportive dietary strategy to protect reproductive and metabolic health during periods of nutritional stress.