An Overview of Cyber-Physical Security in Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the development of advanced charging technologies have initiated a new era of smart transportation. However, these advancements also introduce significant cyber-physical security challenges. This paper investigates the cyber-physical security challenges of two pivotal EV charging technologies: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), with an emphasis on Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, and wireless charging systems. As these technologies form the backbone of future smart transportation systems, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of their unique vulnerabilities, examines the potential threats from cyber-physical attacks, and studies existing mitigation strategies. By combining research insights, industry standards and real world examples, this paper aims to shed light on cyber-physical security issues. This review emphasizes the importance of cyber-physical security measures to safeguard the safety, dependability and privacy of the evolving intelligent transportation network from threats such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and grid destabilization.