SoC - Based Virtual Inertia Emulation for Voltage Regulation and Power Sharing in Grid-Forming DC Microgrid

Voltage regulation and accurate power sharing are crucial for the stable operation of DC microgrids, particularly when functioning in grid-forming or islanded modes. However, existing distribution networks often face challenges in maintaining these functions under dynamic variations in load and generation. This paper proposes a novel State of Charge (SoC)based Virtual Inertia (VI) control strategy tailored for gridforming DC microgrids. The main objective is to enhance system stability by incorporating the SoC of the Energy Storage System (ESS) into the virtual inertia loop, thereby enabling dynamic adjustment of the inertia response. The proposed method is implemented in a simulation environment using MATLAB/Simulink and evaluated under varying operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive SoC-based virtual inertia approach improves voltage regulation, enables more accurate power sharing, and significantly enhances the transient performance of the microgrid. These findings suggest that SoCintegrated inertia control can offer a scalable and resilient solution for next-generation DC microgrids, especially those with high renewable penetration and variable storage states.