Comparative Study of Eastern and Western Psychology

This study provides a comparative analysis of Eastern and Western approaches to moral psychology, focusing Yulgok Yi I's Neo-Confucian theory of mind and Aristotle's virtue ethics. Yulgok Yi I, a pivotal Neo-Confucian philosopher, underscored the inherent goodness of human nature (Seong) and its harmonious interaction with emotions (Jeong), enabled by the relationship between Li (principle) and Qi (vital energy). He promoted moral development through "Gyeong" (reverence) to synchronize emotional reactions with ethical standards, so enhancing personal virtue and societal peace. Conversely, Aristotle articulated human morality through his notion of eudaimonia, attained by the development of qualities such as courage and temperance, directed by the "Golden Mean"—a equilibrium between extremes. Both philosophers emphasized the importance of combining reason and emotion in ethical conduct and stressed the practical implementation of moral development in everyday life. Yulgok emphasized community peace and self-cultivation, whereas Aristotle focused on individual flourishing through rational discernment and habitual practice. The study examines their collective perspectives on the interaction of reason, emotion, and moral development, while juxtaposing their cultural orientations and approaches. This research reinterprets the ideas of Yulgok and Aristotle within a modern setting, so connecting Eastern and Western ethical frameworks and providing innovative insights into human morality and self-improvement. The findings enhance the debate in moral psychology and ethical philosophy, offering practical ideas for tackling contemporary societal issues through a synthesis of historical knowledge.