Interdialytic Weight Gain and Fluid Restrictions Among Hemodialysis Patients on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is a significant concern in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis, as it is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including elevated cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to explore the relationship between IDWG and adherence to fluid restrictions, focusing on identifying factors influencing IDWG and evaluating the effectiveness of various interventions. A systematic review was conducted through a comprehensive search of multiple databases, yielding ten relevant studies comprising observational studies, systematic reviews, and cohort studies. The findings indicate that higher IDWG is associated with factors such as younger age, lower dry weight, and prolonged hemodialysis duration. Interventions targeting IDWG reduction, including educational and psychological strategies, showed varying degrees of effectiveness, with reductions ranging from 0.15 kg to 0.26 kg. These results underscore the importance of individualized sodium prescriptions and tailored fluid management strategies in mitigating IDWG. The study highlights the critical need for improved adherence to fluid restrictions and the implementation of targeted interventions to enhance patient outcomes in hemodialysis care. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals in designing effective strategies to manage IDWG and improve the quality of life for patients undergoing hemodialysis.